With the rapid development of China’s economy, the demand for special steel in all walks of life has become more and more extensive, resulting in the rapid development of electric arc furnace steelmaking technology. Large-capacity ultra-high-power electric arc furnaces and large-scale off-furnace refining technologies have become symbols of the modern steel industry. Graphite electrode is used as a conductive material in electric arc furnace smelting, and its performance is mainly reflected in whether it is applicable and how much it consumes. In addition to the consumption of the electrode, which is directly related to its own quality, a large part of the consumption of the graphite electrode in the electric arc furnace smelting comes from the breaking of the graphite electrode.
Direct Loss Caused by Broken Graphite Electrode in Smelting
The breakage of graphite electrodes in all-electric furnace smelting is a common phenomenon, and it is also the most important factor affecting consumption. In continuous consumption and use in a complex environment, it is normal to occasionally break, but it is not normal for continuous breaks. The reason is related to many factors. Generally speaking, it can be divided into artificial breaking and mechanical breaking. Artificial breaking mainly includes bumps and scratches during lifting, improper connection or improper method, improper sliding in the leveler, hard collision, or poor transmission control sensitivity. Mechanical fracture, in addition to mechanical failure, electrode quality problems, and operational problems often coexist and are difficult to distinguish. There are mainly the following phenomena.
- Electrode body fracture phenomenon
Summarizing the past experience, it can be found that the reasons for the breakage of the electrode body are as follows. One is that the electrodes may have structural defects and lower strength. The second is that the short arc operation is still performed after penetration in the smelting process, and there is a large lateral impact force of the collapsed material. Third, the three-phase electrodes on the furnace are seriously not vertical, and there is slag hanging or scraping of the furnace cover. The sound is crisp and loud when broken.
- Broken bottom of an electrode body hole
First, the structure of the electrode end is loose or has dark lines, the joint and the hole are improperly matched or the material is different, and the linear expansion coefficient does not match. Second, the overall electrode is not concentric, the electrode stroke is too long or the lift is not sensitive. Third, the fabric in the furnace is unreasonable, and there are non-conductive objects under the electrodes. It’s not loud when it breaks but leans harder.
- The nipple is broken and irregular
First, the taper of the nipple processing is different or the ellipse of the electrode nipple hole is too large. Second, there is a lot of dust in the hole during connection, which causes the contact resistance to be too large, and the local oxidation of the joint thread is too fast. The third is that the electrode is not tightened in place, and the torque requirement is not met, resulting in loosening. Fourth, the handle is inclined, the electrode and the furnace cover hole are not concentric, etc. The sound is crisp and small when broken.
- The nipple is broken in a regular phenomenon
First, the quality of the electrode nipple itself varies greatly, and the strength of the joint cannot meet the needs of the smelting furnace conditions. The second is that the electrode hole and the joint tolerance are improperly matched or the connection torque does not meet the requirements, resulting in the withdrawal of the buckle. Third, the fluctuation range of the secondary current in the power supply is too large or there is a sudden increase, and the maximum instantaneous current is far more than 1.2 times the rated value. Fourth, the thermal shock generated when the input power is too large is also too large. If the electrode connection is red, it indicates that the resistance is too large. Muffled sound when broken.
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